مصطلحات ورموز الرياضيات

مصطلحات الرياضيات

A

absolute value
The distance of a number from zero; the positive value of a number.

acute angle
A positive angle measuring less than 90 degrees.

acute triangle
A triangle each of whose angles measures less than 90 degrees.

addend
In the example... 3 + 4 = 7 The 3 and the 4 are called addends.

additive identity
The number zero is called the additive identity because the sum of zero and any number is that number.

additive inverse
The additive inverse of any number x is the number that gives zero when added to x. The additive inverse of 5 is -5.

adjacent angles
Two angles that share both a side and a vertex.

algebra
The word "algebra" is a distortion of the Arabic title of a treatise by al-Khwārizmī about algebraic methods.

algorithm
An algorithm is a specific set of instructions for carrying out a procedure or solving a problem.

angle
The union of two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex.

arc
A portion of the circumference of a circle.

area
The number of square units that covers a shape or figure.

arithmetic
Arithmetic is the branch of mathematics dealing with numerical computation.

associative property of addition
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

associative property of multiplication
(a x b) x c = a x (b x c)

average
A number that represents the characteristics of a data set.

axiom
An axiom is a rule in math that is always true. In fact, it is SO obviously true that you don't have to prove it's true.

axis
An axis is a line with respect to which a curve or figure is drawn, measured, rotated, etc. The most common axes are Cartesian axes.

axis of symmetry
A line that passes through a figure in such a way that the part of the figure on one side of the line is a mirror reflection of the part on the other side of the line

الغة العربية

قيمة مطلقة
المسافة عدد من الصفر ، والقيمة الإيجابية للرقم.

زاوية حادة
زاوية ايجابية قياس أقل من 90 درجة.

مثلث حاد الزوايا
مثلث كل من الزوايا التي تدابير أقل من 90 درجة.

المضاف
في المثال... وتسمى 3 4 = 7 3 و 4) ، وaddends.

المضافة هوية
ويطلق على الرقم صفر هوية المضافة لمجموع الصفر ، وعدد أي من هذا العدد.

المضافة معكوس
معكوس المضافة من أي رقم خ هو الرقم الذي يعطي الصفر إذا أضيف إلى x. معكوس المضافة من 5 هو -5.

الزوايا المجاورة
زاويتين أن حصة كل من قمة الرأس إلى جانب و.

علم الجبر
كلمة "الجبر" هو تشويه العنوان باللغة العربية من مقال من قبل الخوارزمي حول أساليب جبرية.

خوارزمية
خوارزمية هو مجموعة محددة من التعليمات لتنفيذ إجراء أو حل المشكلة.

زاوية
ودعا اتحاد اثنين من أشعة مع نقطة النهاية المشتركة ، وقمة الرأس.

قوس
جزء من محيط الدائرة.

منطقة
عدد الوحدات التي تغطي مساحة شكل أو الشكل.

حسابي
الحسابية هي فرع من فروع الرياضيات التعامل مع حساب العددي.

بالإضافة إلى ذلك النقابي ممتلكات
(أ ب) ج = (أ) (ب ج)

النقابي الملكية الضرب
(أ ب س) × ج = أ س ب س ج)

متوسط
وهناك عدد الذي يمثل خصائص مجموعة البيانات.

بديهية
بديهية هي قاعدة في الرياضيات التي هي دائما صحيحة. في الواقع ، ومن ذلك صحيحا من الواضح أن ليس لديك لتثبت انها صحيح.

محور
محور خط فيما يتعلق التي يتم رسم منحنى أو شخصية ، وتقاس ، بالتناوب ، الخ المحاور الأكثر شيوعا هي محاور الديكارتي.

محور التناظر
والخط الذي يمر من خلال شخصية بطريقة أن جزءا من هذا الرقم على جانب واحد من الخط هو انعكاس مرآة للجزء على الجانب الآخر من الخط

B

base
The bottom of a plane figure or three-dimensional figure.

Bisect
To divide into two congruent parts.

Bisector
A bisector is the line that cuts something (like an angle) in half.

binary
The base 2 method of counting in which only the digits 0 and 1 are used.

Box and whisker plot
A type of data plot that displays the quartiles and range of a data set

اللغة العربية

قاعدة
الجزء السفلي من هذا الرقم أو الرقم طائرة ثلاثية الأبعاد.

شطر
لتقسيم الى قسمين متطابقة.

شطر
والمنصف هو الخط الذي يفصل شيء (مثل زاوية) في نصف.

ثنائي
القاعدة 2 طريقة عد تستخدم فيها فقط الأرقام 0 و 1.

المربع والخط الطولي مؤامرة
وهناك نوع من البيانات المؤامرة التي تعرض quartiles ومجموعة من مجموعة من البيانات

C

Cartesian coordinates
A system in which points on a plane are identified by an ordered pair of numbers, representing the distances to two or three perpendicular axes.

central angle
An angle that has its vertex at the center of a circle.

chord
A line segment that connects two points on a curve.

circle
The set of points in a plane that are a fixed distance from a given point, called the center.

circumference
The distance around a circle.

clockwise
Clockwise is when sb/sth is moving in the same direction as the arms on a clock.

coefficient
A constant that multiplies a variable.

collinear
Points are collinear if they lie on the same line.

column
A column is a vertical stripe of something. Usually, in math, it's a vertical stripe of numbers.

combination
A selection in which order is not important.

combinatorics
Combinatorics is the study of counting.

common factor
A factor of two or more numbers.

common multiple
A multiple of two or more numbers.

complex number
The complex numbers are the field C of numbers of the form x+iy, where x and y are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit equal to the square root of -1, sqrt(-1).

commutative property of addition
a + b = b + a.

commutative property of multiplication
a*b = b*a.

complementary angles
Two angles whose sum is 90 degrees.

composite number
A natural number that is not prime.

cone
A three-dimensional figure with one vertex and a circular base.

congruent
Figures or angles that have the same size and shape.

consecutive
Consecutive just means one right after the other.
Example: A list of consecutive whole numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...
Example: A list of consecutive even whole numbers: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, ...
Example: A list of consecutive odd whole numbers: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ...

constant
A value that does not change.

coordinate plane
The plane determined by a horizontal number line, called the x-axis, and a vertical number line, called the y-axis, intersecting at a point called the origin. Each point in the coordinate plane can be specified by an ordered pair of numbers.

coplanar
Points that lie within the same plane.

counter-clockwise
Counter-clockwise is when you are moving in the opposite direction as the arms on a clock.(See clockwise)

counting numbers
The natural numbers, or the numbers used to count.

counting principle
If a first event has n outcomes and a second event has m outcomes, then the first event followed by the second event has n times m outcomes.

cross product
A product found by multiplying the numerator of one fraction by the denominator of another fraction and the denominator of the first fraction by the numerator of the second.

cube
A solid figure with six square faces.

cylinder
A three-dimensional figure having two parallel bases that are congruent circles

E

edge
The edges of a polygon are the outside boundaries.

ellipse
The set of all points in a plane such that the sum of the distances to two fixed points is a constant.

empty Set Ø
An empty set is the same as a "null set." An empty set is a set with no members (or elements.)

equality
A math statement showing that two things are equal.
Example: 4 + 3 = 7

equation
A mathematical statement that says that two expressions have the same value; any number sentence with an =.

equidistant
Just means "the same distance".

equilateral triangle
A triangle that has three equal sides.

equivalent equations
Two equations whose solutions are the same.

equivalent fractions
Fractions that reduce to the same number.

error of measurement
The difference between an approximate measurement and the actual measure taken.

estimate
When you estimate the answer to a problem it means that you give a pretty good guess at what the answer will be.

evaluate
To substitute number values into an expression.

even number
A natural number that is divisible by 2.

event
In probability, a set of outcomes.

exponent
A number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication

exterior angles
When a pair of parallel lines are intersected with a transversal, angles A, B, G and H are the exterior angles that are formed. Exterior angles are on the outside

F

factor
One of two or more expressions that are multiplied together to get a product.

factorial
The factorial n! is defined for a positive integer n as:
n! = n(n-1)...2.1.
example:
5! = 5.4.3.2.1 = 120

factoring
To break a number into its factors.

face
A flat surface of a three-dimensional figure.

Fibonacci numbers
The Fibonacci numbers are a sequence (list) of numbers that is built a very special way... It starts with 1, 1... Then, you add 1+1 to get the next number... That gives 1, 1, 2... Then you add 1+2 to get the next number... That gives 1, 1, 2, 3... Then you add 2+3 to get the next number... That gives 1, 1, 2, 3, 5... Then you add 3+5 to get the next number... and so on...

formula
A equation that states a rule or a fact.

fraction
A number used to name a part of a group or a whole. The number below the bar is the denominator, and the number above the bar is the numerator.

frequency
The number of times a particular item appears in a data set.

frequency table
A data listing which also lists the frequencies of the data.

function
A function is a relation that uniquely associates members of one set with members of another set.

G

Geometry
Geometry is the study of figures in a space of a given number of dimensions and of a given type.

graph
A type of drawing used to represent data.

greatest common factor (GCF)
The largest number that divides two or more numbers evenly.

H

horizontal
A line with zero slope.

hypotenuse
The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle

I

identity property of addition
The sum of any number and 0 is that number.

identity property of multiplication
The product of 1 and any number is that number.

improper fraction
A fraction with a numerator that is greater than the denominator

independent events
Two events in which the outcome of the second is not affected by the outcome of the first.

inequality
A mathematical expression which shows that two quantities are not equal.

infinity
A limitless quantity.

inscribed angle
An angle placed inside a circle with its vertex on the circle and whose sides contain chords of the circle.

inscribed polygon
A polygon placed inside a circle so that each vertex of the polygon touches the circle.

integers
The set of numbers containing zero, the natural numbers, and all the negatives of the natural numbers.

intercept
The x-intercept of a line or curve is the point where it crosses the x-axis, and the y- intercept of a line or curve is the point where it crosses the y-axis.

intercepted arc
The arc of a circle within an inscribed angle.

interpolation
A method for estimating values that lie between two known values

intersecting lines
Lines that have one and only one point in common.

inverse
Opposite. -5 is the additive inverse of 5, because their sum is zero. 1/3 is the multiplicative inverse of 3, because their product is 1.

inverse operations
Two operations that have the opposite effect, such as addition and subtraction.

irrational number
A number that cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers.

isosceles triangle
A triangle with at least two equal sides

L

least common denominator
The smallest multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions.

least common multiple
The smallest nonzero number that is a multiple of two or more numbers.

like fractions
Fractions that have the same denominator.

line
A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions.

line of symmetry
Line that divides a geometric figure into two congruent portions

line segment
Two points on a line, and all the points between those two points

linear equation
A linear equation is in the form:
ax + b = 0
where a and b are numbers.

linear inequality
A linear inequality is in the form:
ax + b < 0
where a and b are numbers.

locus
A path of points.

logarithm
Simply, a logarithm is the inverse of an exponential:
f(x) = logbx
The base of this logarithm is b.

logic
The study of sound reasoning.

lowest terms
Simplest form; when the GCF of the numerator and the denominator of a fraction is 1

M

Math
Math with no (s) is the usual term for "mathematics" used in the United States.

Maths
Maths is the usual term for "mathematics" used in the United Kingdom.

mean
In a data set, the sum of all the data points, divided by the number of data points; average.

median
The middle number in a data set when the data are put in order; a type of average.

midpoint
A point on a line segment that divides the segment into two congruent segments.

minuend
The minuend is the number you are subtracting FROM:
10 - 5 = 5
The 10 in this example is the minuend.

mixed number
A number written as a whole number and a fraction.

mode
A type of average; the number (or numbers) that occurs most frequently in a set of data.

multiple
A multiple of a number is the product of that number and any other whole number. Zero is a multiple of every number.

multiplicative identity
The number 1 is the multiplicative identity because multiplying 1 times any number gives that number.

multiplicative inverse
The reciprocal of a number.

mutually exclusive events
Two or more events that cannot occur at the same time

N

natural numbers
The counting numbers.

negative number
A real number that is less than zero.

normal
Another synonym for perpendicular, used especially in theoretical physics.

null set
Simply it is another synonym for empty set.

number
A number represents the value or quantity of something...

number line
A line on which every point represents a real number.

numerals
A numeral is a symbol that represents a number.

numerator
The top part of a fraction

O

obtuse angle
An angle whose measure is greater than 90 degrees.

obtuse triangle
A triangle with an obtuse angle.

octagon
A polygon with 8 sides.

odd number
A whole number that is not divisible by 2.

operand
A mathematical object upon which an operator acts. For example, in the expression 1 + 2, the addtion operator acts upon the operands 1 and 2.

operation
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are the basic arithmetic operations.

order of operations
Order of operations tells us what order we are supposed to do things in a math problem.

ordered pair
Set of two numbers in which the order has an agreed-upon meaning, such as the Cartesian coordinates (x, y), where the first coordinate represents the horizontal position, and the second coordinate represents the vertical position.

origin
The point (0, 0) on a coordinate plane, where the x-axis and the y-axis intersect.

outcome
In probability, a possible result of an experiment.

oval
An oval is a curve resembling a squashed circle but, unlike the ellipse, without a precise mathematical definition

P

parallel
Two lines are parallel if they are in the same plane and never intersect.

parallelogram
A quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel.

pentagon
A five-sided polygon.

percent
A fraction, or ratio, in which the denominator is assumed to be 100. The symbol % is used for percent.

perimeter
The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon.

permutation
A way to arrange things in which order is important.

perpendicular
Two lines are perpendicular if the angle between them is 90 degrees.

pi
The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

plane
A flat surface that stretches into infinity.

point
A location in a plane or in space, having no dimensions.

polygon
A closed plane figure made up of several line segments that are joined together.

polyhedron
A three-dimensional solid that is bounded by plane polygons.

positive number
A real number greater than zero.

power
A number that indicates the operation of repeated multiplication.

prime number
A number whose only factors are itself and 1.

prism
a polyhedron that is formed with two parallel polygons (the bases - top and bottom) that are connected at the edges with rectangles.

probability
For an experiment, the total number of successful events divided by the total number of possible events.

product
The result of two numbers being multiplied together.

proof
A mathematical argument which unequivocally demonstrates the truth of a given proposition. A mathematical statement that has been proven is called a theorem.

proper fraction
A fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator.

proportion
An equation of fractions in the form:
a/b = c/d

protractor
A device for measuring angles.

pyramid
A three-dimensional figure that has a polygon for its base and whose faces are triangles having a common vertex.

Pythagorean Theorem
The theorem that relates the three sides of a right triangle:

Q

quadrant
One of the quarters of the plane of the Cartesian coordinate system

quadrilateral
A polygon with 4 sides.

quotient
The answer to a division problem

R

radius
The distance from the center to a point on a circle; the line segment from the center to a point on a circle.

range
In statistics, the difference between the largest and the smallest numbers in a data set.

rate
A ratio that compares different kinds of units.

ratio
A pair of numbers that compares different types of units.

rational number
A number that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers.

ray
part of a line, with one endpoint, and extending to infinity in one direction.

real numbers
The combined set of rational numbers and irrational numbers.

reciprocal
The number which, when multiplied times a particular fraction, gives a result of 1.

rectangle
A quadrilateral with four 90-degree angles.

recursion
A recursive process is one in which objects are defined in terms of other objects of the same type. (See Fibonacci numbers) as an example of a recursive process.

reflection
A transformation resulting from a flip.

regular polygon
A polygon in which all the angles are equal and all of the sides are equal.

repeating decimal
A decimal in which the digits endlessly repeat a pattern.

rhombus
A parallelogram with four equal sides.

right angle
An angle whose measure is 90 degrees.

right triangle
A triangle that contains a right angle.

root
The root of an equation is the same as the solution to the equation.

rotation
A transformation in which a figure is rotated through a given angle, about a point.

S

sample space
For an experiment, the sample space includes all the possible outcomes.

Scale drawing
A drawing that is a reduction or enlargement of the original.

scalene triangle
A triangle with three unequal sides.

scattergram
A graph with points plotted on a coordinate plane.

scientific notation
A method for writing extremely large or small numbers compactly in which the number is shown as the product of two factors.

set
A well-defined group of objects.

similar
Two polygons are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional.

simplifying
Reducing to lowest terms.

skew lines
Lines that are not in the same plane and that do not intersect.

slope
The steepness of a line expressed as a ratio, using any two points on the line.

solution
The value of a variable that makes an equation true.

sphere
A three-dimensional figure with all points in space a fixed distance from a given point, called the center.

square
A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four 90 degree angles.

square root
The square root of x is the number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number, x.

statistics
The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data.

stem and leaf plot
A technique for organizing data for comparison.

straight angle
An angle that measures 180 degrees.

subset
A subset is a portion of a set.

sum
In an addition problem like 5 + 3 = 8, the sum is the 8 (the answer).

supplementary angles
Two angles are supplementary if their sum is 180 degrees

T

terminating decimal
A fraction whose decimal representation contains a finite number of digits.

theorem
A theorem is a statement that can be demonstrated to be true by accepted mathematical operations and arguments.

theory
A theory is a set of sentences which is closed under logical implication.

translation
A transformation, or change in position, resulting from a slide with no turn.

transformation
A change in the position, shape, or size of a geometric figure.

transversal
A line that intersects two other lines.

trapezoid
A quadrilateral that has exactly two sides parallel.

tree diagram
A diagram that shows outcomes of an experiment.

U

union of sets
The union of two sets A and B is the set obtained by combining the members of each

V

variable
A variable is a symbol on whose value a function, polynomial, etc., depends.

vector
A vector is a ray that has a magnitude (length) and a direction.

vertex (the plural is vertices)
On a polygon, the vertices are the corners.

vertical
A vertical line is a line that goes up and down... A vertical line is perpendicular to the horizon.

volume
A vertical line is a line that goes up and down... A vertical line is perpendicular to the horizon.

W

whole numbers
One of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., also called the counting numbers or natural numbers.

X

x-axis
The horizontal axis of a two-dimensional plot in Cartesian coordinates that is conventionally oriented to point to the right

Y

y-axis
The vertical axis of a two-dimensional plot in Cartesian coordinates

Z

z-axis
The axis in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates which is usually oriented vertically

عفوااا

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